Bihar: Child Development-II

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Child Development (Continued…)

Development Programme for Children

  • The well-being of children is essential for development of a state, as they contribute to the future of human resource. A major part of Bihar’s population (191.3 latch) are children in the age-group of 0-6 years, accounting for 18.3 percent of the state’s total population (2011 census).
  • As the advancement of the nation depends significantly on the welfare of children, both Central and State Governments are implementing various schemes for their welfare, development and protection.
  • Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS):
    • The ICDS is one of the flagship programmes of the Central Government and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programmes for early childhood care and development.
    • It is the representation of country’s commitment to its children and nursing mothers as a response to the challenge of providing pre-school non-formal education to the children on one hand, and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity and reduced learning on the other.
    • The programme was launched on October 2, 1975 as a corrective intervention for young children in the age-group 0-6 years, and expectant or nursing mothers. The scheme targets long-term improvement in childcare, their early stimulation and learning, health and nutrition.
    • The ICDS was initially launched towards fulfilment of the National Policy for Children in 33 experimental blocks in the country, of which 3 blocks were in Bihar.
    • A package of six services is provided under Anganwadi Services Scheme, which comes under the umbrella scheme ICDS.
      • They are — supplementary nutrition, non-formal pre-school education (for children in the age-group of 3-6 years), immunization, health check-up, referral services, and nutrition and health education for mothers.
    • The target group of ICDS is reached through Anganwadi Centers (AWC). The personnel for ICDS include Child Development Project Officer (CDPO), Lady Supervisor (LS), Anganwadi Worker (AWW) and Anganwadi Helper (AWH).
    • The principal beneficiaries of the scheme are children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years. Along with this, pregnant women, lactating women, nursing child (upto 6 months) and adolescent girls (11-14 years), who are not going to school, are also benefitted through this scheme.
    • Currently, ICDS is running through 544 project offices in all the 38 districts of Bihar. There are altogether 1,14,718 AWCs sanctioned.
      • Till 2016-17, 91,677 of these AWCs were operational.
      • The Directorate of ICDS had started operationalizing 23,041 more newly sanctioned AWCs from 2017-18. These 23,041 AWCs were sanctioned by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) for Bihar in 2015-16. The process of implementation of these newly sanctioned centers has been initiated, based on the demand raised by CDPOs.
      • Till date, all 544 ICDS projects are run through 1,07,603 AWCs, additional AWCs and 7115 mini AWCs.
    • The budget provision for ICDS has gradually increased from Rs. 1409.70 crore in 2015-16 to Rs. 1723.98 crore in 2020-21, implying an increase of 22 percent. However, there are some variations in the intermediary years.
      • In 2019-20, the fund released by the Central Government was 95 percent of the budgetary amount. In 2020-21, only 21.9 percent of the fund was released, possibly due to lockdown caused by Covid-19.
      • One may also note that 73 percent of the fund released has been utilized in 2019-20 and 86 percent in 2020-21. This clearly indicates the efficient management of funds by the State Government.
      • Resource utilisation in ICDS (2015-16 to 2020-21):
        • icds_budget.png
  • Supplementary Nutrition Programe (SNP):
    • In order to improve the nutritional status of women and children, ICDS-Bihar has implemented the Supplementary Nutrition Programme under Anganwadi Services, according to National Food Sccurity Act 2013.
    • Under the scheme, nutritional standards for children in the age-group of 6 months to 3 years and pregnant women and lactating mothers are required to be met by providing ‘Take Home Rations’ (THR) or nutritious ‘Hot Cooked Meal’ (HCM) prepared every day at Anganwadi Centers as per the menu prescribed by the ICDS Directorate.
    • Apart from the items in the menu, these children are also provided with a glass of milk on Wednesday and one boiled egg on Friday. According to this directives, Hot Cooked Meal is prepared and served to the children attending Anganwadi Centres for Pre-School Education.
    • Along with this, the children are also provided with morning snacks as per a decided menu.
  • National Nutrition Mission (NNM)
    • Malnutrition may not be a direct cause of death, but it does contribute to morbidity by reducing resistance to infections. There are a number of causes of death of children, such as pre-mature birth, low birth weight, pneumonia, diarrhoeal diseases, non-communicable diseases, etc.
    • Apart from the existing schemes aimed at reducing the levels of malnutrition among women and children, the Central Government has initiated National Nutrition Mission (NNM) with effect from September, 2017 for improving the nutritional standard of children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
    • It will generate synergy, ensure better monitoring, issue alerts for timely action, and encourage field-level functionaries to perform better to achieve the targeted goals. The implementation strategy is based on intense action plan for monitoring and convergence upto the grassroot level.
    • The NNM has already been implemented for three years from 2017-18 to 2019-20, and its target was to reduce stunting by 2 percent, anaemia among young children, women and adolescent girls by 3 percent, under-nutrition by 2 percent and low birth weight by 2 percent annually.
  • Poshan Mah
    • Under the National Nutrition Mission (NNM), the month of September in 2018 was celebrated as the Poshan Mah campaign and it continued for 2019 and 2020 as well.
    • The aim of the programme was to reach out to every household in the state with the message on nutrition. Another objective of this campaign was to ensure convergence of all the departments working for nutrition and jointly plan to achieve the nutritional goals.
    • The campaign sensitized all the stakeholders through different types of communication in the field to fulfil the broader goals of the Mission which are —
      • (i) reduce malnutrition and anaemia among children and women,
      • (ii) increase optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding,
      • (iii) promote hygiene/sanitation practices and cleanliness,
      • (iv) improve dietary habits (Eat Healthy), and
      • (v) regularize the growth of children in 6 months to 6 years age group and girls’ education.
  • Pradlian Mantri Matri VandanYojana (PMMVY)
    • The maternal under-nutrition is a major challenge in Bihar, with more than one-third of the mothers having low Body Mass Index (BMI). Early marriage, early child bearing and frequent pregnancy adversely affect the maternal nutritional status.
    • To address this severe problem, Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) was first launched in October 2010 on a pilot basis, with 100 percent centrally assisted funds in two districts of Bihar (Saharsa and Vaishali).
      • This scheme has now been renamed as Pradhan Mantri MatriVandan Yojana (PMMVY) and is being implemented throughout the state with effect from January 1, 2017.
      • The cost sharing pattern between the Central and State Government is in the ratio of 60:40.
    • Under this scheme, registered pregnant women would get Rs. 5000 earn in three instalments on fulfilling certain conditions for each instalment.
      • the first instalment of Rs. 1000 is paid on early registration of pregnancy within three months of the last menstruation period (LMP),
      • the second instalment of Rs. 2000 after six months of pregnancy and attending at least one ANC (Ante-Natal Check-up), and
      • finally, the third instalment of Rs. 2000 is paid after delivery and completion of the fast round of child immunization.
      • This cash incentive is provided directly to the mothers who were 19 years and above for the first two live births, subject to fulfilling some conditions.
    • Apart from these three instalments, the beneficiary may also avail an additional sum of Rs. 1000, if the delivery takes place at a government or registered private institutions, under the Maternity Benefit Scheme of the Health Department.
    • Thus, the total amount that a pregnant woman may avail is Rs. 6000.
    • In 2019-20, Rs. 56.75 lakh was spent under the scheme and there is a budget provision of Rs. 7671.39 lakh for 2020-21.
  • Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG)
    • Adolescence is a critical period for physical and psychological development of young girls. During this period, nutritional problems, originating from eating and life-style behaviours, may lead to chronic diseases during womanhood and prevalence of malnutrition in the future generation.
    • Addressing the health needs of adolescent girls not only leads to a healthier and more productive women force, it also helps to break the inter-generational cycle of malnutrition. The health challenges for adolescent girls include pregnancy, risk of maternal mortality, infant mortality, sexually transmitted diseases, reproductive tract infection, incidence of HIV, etc., and all these require improved health care facilities for them.
    • To meet the requirements of adolescent girls, the Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) or SABLA was launched in November, 2010, as a comprehensive intervention for adolescent girls in the age group of 11-18 years, with a special focus on out-of-school girls in 12 districts of Bihar.
    • The scheme has now been scaled up to all the districts, with effect from April, 2018. This new Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) is for 11 to 14 years who are not going to school.
      • After the formal launch of SAG and issuing of administrative guidelines, a preliminary survey has been conducted and Rs. 1.60 lakh adolescent girls who are not going to school were identified.
      • The scheme has provision of funds from both Central and State Governments in the ratio of 50:50.
      • At AWCs, supplementary nutrition of 600 kcal and 18-20 gms of protein (including micronutrient) are being provided to the adolescent girls under this scheme, as Take-Home-Rations once in a month for 25 days, costing Rs. 9.50 per day.
    • During 2019-20, the campaign ‘Go Back to School’ was carried on by Lady Supervisors and CDPOs. In 2019-20, a sum of Rs. 11.46 Iakh was spent for SAG and, for 2020-21, there is a provision of Rs. 433.95 lakh for the scheme.
  • National Creche Scheme (NCS)
    • The National Creche Scheme (NCS) is being implemented in the state as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme since 2018-19.
    • Under this scheme, daycare facilities are provided to the children of the working women in the age group of 6 months to 6 years for a minimum period of 15 days in a month or 6 months in a year. In 2020-21, there is a provision of Rs. 90.00 lakh for the scheme.
  • Drinking Water and Sanitation
    • It is the mandate of the government to provide school infrastructure, including drinking water facility and toilets in accordance with the norms prescribed in the Schedule of the Right to Education Act 2009.
    • A safe and sufficient drinking-water facility, along with adequate sanitation and hygiene positively impacts the survival, health and nutrition status of a child. Thus, it is very important that schools have basic drinking water and sanitation facilities.
    • Such facilities should cater to all, including small children, girls of menstruation age, and children with disabilities.
    • The data reveals that the percentage of primary schools with boys’ toilet facility have increased from 83.6 percent in 2015-16 to 96.8 percent in 2018-19, registering an increase of 13.2 percentage points.
      • In upper primary sections, a marginal increase of 3.1 percentage points was registered between 2015-16 (94.8 percent) and 2018-19 (97.9 percent).
    • Regarding schools with girls’ toilet facility, the percentage of primary schools with this facility has grown from 84.3 percent in 2015-16 to 96.8 percent in 2018-19, a 12.5 percentage points increase over a four-year period.
      • However, the growth in upper primary has been again marginal of only 2.2 percentage points between 2015-16 (96.4 percent) and 2018-19 (98.6 percent).
    • It is important to note here that, in these four years, the drinking water facility, both at primary and upper primary level, increased by 21.2 percentage points and 6.0 percentage points respectively.
    • In order to maintain proper hygiene, the schools must have designated handwashing spaces and tap with running water in toilets.

Educational and Development Status

  • Education is the key to all processes of human development. It is the most powerful tool which can lead to positive changes in different sectors, like economic development, improvement in health conditions, better environment, etc.
  • School education lays the foundation stone for the child’s future. An assessment of the level or education is important, while examining the conditions of children in Bihar.
  • Under Goal 4 or Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), completion of primary and secondary education by all boys and girls is necessary, apart from guaranteeing equal access to opportunities for quality technical and vocational education by 2030.
  • As per National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the Indian Education System will henceforth have 5+3+3+4 of schooling, which also includes early childhood education under the ambit of formal schooling.
  • Literacy rate:
    • Literacy rate is one of the most important indicators of social development. Literacy rate for Bihar was 61.8 percent in 2011, rising from 47.0 percent in 2001, an increase of 14.8 percentage points.
    • However, female literacy rate has been much lower at 51.5 percent, compared to the male literacy rate (71.2 percent) in Bihar.
    • While comparing different age groups, it is seen that literacy rate was the highest among 10-14 years age-group. This can be interpreted as the success of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the flagship programme for education.
    • In case of both rural and urban areas, the same age-group leads in child literacy rates, The literacy rate among children (7-18 years) stands at 79.1 percent and the gender gap observed for this age-group is 5.4 percentage points (Males: 81.7% and Female: 76.2%) in 2011.
      • It is certainly praiseworthy that the increase in literacy rate is reasonably higher in case of females in all age-groups and thus, the gender gap in literacy rate is gradually decreasing over the years.
  • Pre-school Education (PSE):
    • Early childhood years (conception to 6 years) are the most crucial period in a child’s life, which lays the foundation for further learning and development. The investment in early childhood development has positive and long-lasting impact on children.
    • To provide early childhood development opportunities for children to survive, prosper and grow, there is an urgent need to increase the multi-sectoral coverage of quality programming in early childhood development that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, and early learning.
    • The concept of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) has been rightly addressed by the Pre-School Education Programme, one among the six services provided by Anganwadi Centres.
  • Preschool Education Programme:
    • Pre-school education is imparted at the Anganwadi Centres for the children in the age-group of 3-6 years. The children registered for Pre-School Education are provided with hot cooked meal in the Anganwadi Centres, after teaching-learning and play activities.
    • A regular Anganwadi Centre caters to approximately 30-40 children for Pre-School Education and hot cooked meal.
    • The Anganwadl Worker (Sevika) is responsible for the pre-school education, while the Anganwadi Helper (Sahaylka) is responsible for preparation and serving of hot cooked meal.
    • The hot cooked meal is served according to the calorific, protein and micronutrient requirements of the children, as mandated in the Food Security Act 2013 by the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development, The State Government has formulated a weekly menu for six days with different recipes and quantities of ingredients to be used for preparing the hot cooked meal.
    • Till March 2020, a total 82.78 lakh children were enrolled under the programme.
  • Preschool Education Kit:
    • For each Anganwadi Centre, a sum of Rs. 1000 is budgeted per year to buy play and learning materials for Pre-Sehool Education (PSE) kits. These play and learning materials are procured from the state level agencies.
    • The children attending the Pre School Education have been recently introduced to Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) materials, apart from the PSE-kits. The ECCE material consists of 3 different sets of workbooks for practice of language, artwork and mathematics.
    • Since 2012, the State Government has also started providing Rs, 400 to each pre-school student to buy a school dress under the School Dress programme.
  • Local Monitoring and Supervision Committee:
    • Another praiseworthy initiative of the State Government is the formation of a local monitoring and supervision committee at every Anganwadi Centre. The Committee is called Anganwadi Vikas Samiti (AVS), comprising 14 members.
    • This local committee is responsible for smooth functioning of an Anganwadi Centre. Upon completion of 5 years 8 months to 6 years, the children are sent to nearby government primary schools on the recommendation of Anganwadi Workers for enrolment in regular education curriculum.
  • Participation in Sports:
    • In 2019, three students from Bihar participated in the Intemational Chess Competition.
    • The students from Bihar also panicipated in the National Junior Badminton Championship held in Chhattisgarh in 2019, in which the Bihar team got the third position and a star player was also selected from Bihar.
    • Further, 6 students from Bihar participated in 65th National School Karate Competition. held in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The competition was arranged during December 1-6, 2019 by the School Games Federation of India. In this competition, silver and bronze medals were won by two Under-17 participants from Bihar.
  • Painting and Photography:
    • A participant from Bihar got the first position in the National Level Youth Festival held in 2019. Another student from Bihar was awarded the Bhim Award in 19th Bihar Award Ceremony, 2019.
  • Bihar Diwas-2019:
    • To develop an affirmative approach towards education, Bihar Sub-Junior Sports Meet “Tarang’ was organised during March 22-24, 2019 by the Bihar Education Project Council in collaboration with Bihar Diwas.
    • Boys/girls selected at schools of Cluster Resource Centre and Block Resource Centre from every district participated in this meet.
    • The participants took part in indoor games, apart from cultural activities (like Sugam Sangeet, Quiz, Paintings) and academic activities like Word Competition (Synonyms and Antonyms), Comprehension and writing of poems.
  • Status of Child Protection:
    • The violence against children can be of many types. It may be physical, emotional or sexual and can happen either in child’s home, community, school or any other place.
      • No matter what form of violence a child is subjected to, the experience may lead to serious and lifelong consequences. Hence, child protection becomes the priority of the state and the society.
      • Every child is entitled to the right of survival and protection from neglect, violence, abuse and exploitation, India recognised the right to protection for its children through its constitutional commitments and the laws, and the country has implemented it over the years through policies and programmes.
      • It has also recognised that some children face the worst forms of discrimination and are in especially difficult circumstances, such as the girl child, working children, children on the streets and juvenile children, and the state has made specific programme interventions for them.
    • As per Census 2011, Bihar has the highest proportion of child population (48 percent) among all states of India, and the second highest number of child workers.
    • In Bihar, children face multiple vulnerabilities in terms of accessing quality healthcare, education and child protection services.
      • Moreover, new challenges are emerging every day, such as online exploitation of children, climate change and natural and man-made disasters which add to the vulnerability of children.
    • To safeguard the rights of children, the State Government has taken several initiatives:
      • Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS):
        • The centrally sponsored Child Protection Services Scheme (erstwhile Integrated Child Protection Scheme, implemented since 2009-10) is a component of centrally sponsored Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).
        • The objective of the scheme is to provide the security net of statutory and service delivery structures to the children in difficult circumstances.
        • It also aims at reduction of vulnerabilities to situation and actions, that lead to abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment and separation of children from parents by focusing on improved access to quality child protection services and raised public awareness about the child rights and social protection.
        • Presently, the scheme is being implemented through the Social Welfare Directorate, In 2019-20, a total of Rs, 41.40 crore was given to the State Child Protection Committee for running different programmes. In 2020-21, there is a provision of Rs 35.00 crore for the same.
      • Parvarish
        • Parvarish is an important scheme of the State Government, in which there is a provision of an allowance of Rs, 900 per month for children in the age group 0-6 years and Rs, 1000 per month for children in the age group 6-18 years to facilitate their upbringing.
        • This scheme has been revised now to include those children who are homeless, orphan or living with their relatives. Also, children or their parents suffering from HIV, leprosy and cancer are covered under this scheme.
        • The provision of Rs. 1000 has also been extended to all children, including those who are in the age group of 0-18 years.
        • Against the budget allocation of Rs. 20.46 crore, the entire amount was spent under the scheme in 2019-20. In 2020-21, a provision of Rs, 22.00 crore has been made for the scheme.
      • Establishment of a Child Protection Unit (CPU)
        • As per the Revised Juvenile Justice Act Section 62, Bihar already has a state-level child protection unit and district-level child protection units in all 38 districts of the state.
        • For 2020-21, an allotment of Rs, 2200 lakh has been made for different activities of CPU.
      • State Child Protection Committee (SCPC):
        • The State Child Protection Committee has been formed for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the schemes that come under Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS).
          • This committee has been formed on the basis of a recommendation of the Child Rights Protection Commission in 2005.
        • For 2020-21, a sum of Rs. 294.96 lakh is available for the same.
      • Children’s Home:
        • Presently, 33 Children’s Homes are functioning in different districts of the state to support and rehabilitate destitute, abandoned and orphaned children.
        • Out of these 33 homes, 22 are meant for boys and 11 for girls- Till date, a total of 6540 children have been provided with residential facilities in different Children’s Homes.
      • Bihar Prohibition of Child Marriage Rules 2010:
        • A marriage of a girl below 18 years and a boy below 21 years is considered a ‘child marriage’, which is a cognizable offence in Bihar as per the Prohibition of Child Marriage Rule 2010.
        • While the child marriage has a long-term negative consequence, both on boys and girls, its adverse effects are more on girls. This includes early pregnancy, maternal and neonatal mortality, educational setbacks, lower employment prospects, and exposure to violence and abuse. All these lead to negative physical and psychological outcomes for children.
        • It is encouraging to note that the percentage of child marriage among girls has seen a decline in Bihar, according to the National Family Health Survey 5 (NHFS-5) report. The percentage of marriage among women in 15-19 years age group has reduced from 12.2 percent in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 11.0 percent in 2019-20, registering a decline of 1.2 percentage points.
          • Further, rural and urban details shows that in urban areas the decline was of 0.9 percentage points, from 8.3 percent in 2015-16 to 7.4 percent in 2019-20.
          • This fall was of 1.2 percentage points in rural areas, where the frequency of child marriage declined from 12.8 percent in 2015-16 to 11.6 percent in 2019-20.

Status of Child Participation

  • The child participation is one of the core principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which proclaims that children and young people have the right to freely express their views and that there is an obligation to listen to children’s views.
  • To facilitate their participation in all matters affecting them within their families, schools, local communities, institutions, government policies and judicial procedures, necessary steps should be taken. In this perspective, the government and civil society together should engage with children in sensitising them about child rights and empowering them to raise their voice and demand entitlements.
  • Presently, both State and Central Government have provisioned schemes for child’s participation in decision-making process to ensure their active involvement in any planning process.
  • Some of these schemes are:
    • Child Cabinet (Bal Sansad):
      • The Cabinet is organised by children at school to look after the entire school activities. It provides an open stage for children/learners to discuss all the issues pertaining to school, society, health, hygiene and education.
      • Child rights are also discussed and actions are taken accordingly. Presently, every school in Bihar has its own child cabinet.
      • The aim of the constitution of Child Cabinet is to inculcate democratic values in children. Child Cabinet also helps to develop leadership quality and communication skills.
      • The Bal Sansads have been set up in all the primary schools of Bihar to ensure participation of children in education. A committee with 12 students as its members is constituted in every school to assist the school management.
      • Similarly, Meena Manchs have been established in all the upper primary schools or the state.
    • Awareness Campaign For Right to Education (RTE) (Shiksha Adhikar Yatra, 2018):
      • The main objective of Shiksha Adhikar Yatra is to make children aware of the Right to the Education Act, 2010 to ensure community participation in the overall development programme of school and to create appropriate understanding for election of the Vidyalaya Shiksha Samiti.
      • The campaign is being implemented through leading cultural organisations/groups at the district level.

Covid-19 : Initiatives by the State Government

  • ICDS Initiative
    • During the Covid-19 related lockdown, the Directorate of ICDS provided dry ration for 3 months (March to May, 2020) to the children in 6 months to 3 years age group, 3-6 years age group, and pregnant and lactating mothers, both for Take Home Ration and Hot Cooked Meal.
    • From the month of June, as per the decision taken by the Department of Social Welfare, an alternative arrangement was made to pay a cash amount to the beneficiaries of the Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) through the direct benefit transfer mode, in lieu of providing dry ration.
      • The amount was transferred to all the registered beneficiaries, who provided their bank account details, seeded with their Aadhar. The amount transferred was according to the daily SNP norms of the National Food Security Act 2013, which was revised in July 2018.
  • Digital Initiatives of BEP:
    • TV Channel : Doordarshan Bihar has allotted 5-hour slots (one hour cach for Class I-II Class III to V, Class VI to VIII Class IX-X and Class XI-XII) for digital learning.
    • The Department of Education, Bihar has already started the telecast of e-content for class I to XII.
  • Partnership with Civil Society:
    • A comprehensive response plan was developed by the Department of Education, Bihar along with UNICEF for continuity of learning during Covid-19 pandemic. The plan includes the following components:
    • Guidelines for Risk Reduction Communication, developed and shared through the communication channels.
    • Capacity building and orientation of all District Education Officers/District Project Officers and education officials at state and district levels.
    • Orientation of teachers through online platforms.
    • Continuity of learning through Unnayan App: A mobile application ‘Mera Mobile Mera Vidyalaya‘ has been created to support students in Class VI-XII for learning.
      • This application has in-built artificial intelligence, which can assess individual student’s learning. The students can raise questions and get them answered by teachers as well as experts.
      • UNICEF has provided technical support in content development and monitoring the functioning of the App.
    • A programme has been developed and MOU has been signed with DD-Bihar for broadcasting programmes for classes I – XII in five slots from the second week of April 2020. These classes are comprehensive in nature, covering both academic and life skills, apart from safety and security (personal and online safety) lessons. The programme follows the academic calendar of Bihar.
      • The UNICEF provided technical support in content development for all these episodes.
    • Educational contents from various NGOs working in the field (Pratham, Centre Square Foundation and others) have been taken and are being to ensure continuity of the learning programme.
  • Digital Education Portal:
    • Bihar Education Project Council has also created a digital learning platform, which is used to telecast the episodes for all the classes.
    • Besides this, the Bihar Education Project Council has also initiated a You Tube channel to share the digital contents with teachers and students.
  • Vidyavahini Bihar App:
    • The ‘Vidyavahini Bihar App’ has been launched by the Department of’ Education, on which all the textbooks of Class I to XII have been uploaded and can be downloaded chapter-wise.

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